{"id":518971,"date":"2024-08-21T14:45:33","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T07:45:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/?post_type=culture_heritage&#038;p=518971"},"modified":"2025-05-15T18:30:55","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T11:30:55","slug":"thai-funeral","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/","title":{"rendered":"Thai Funerals: An Overview Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#Background\" >Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#History\" >History<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#Activities\" >Activities<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#Before_the_funeral\" >Before the funeral<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#Bathing_and_preparing_the_body\" >Bathing and preparing the body<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#Watering_ceremony\" >Watering ceremony<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#Wrapping_and_placing_the_body_in_the_coffin\" >Wrapping and placing the body in the coffin<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#Praying_before_the_body\" >Praying before the body<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#Cremation\" >Cremation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#Collecting_and_floating_bones_and_ashes\" >Collecting and floating bones and ashes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#Death_anniversary_merit-making_ceremony\" >Death anniversary merit-making ceremony<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#Participating_in_a_funeral\" >Participating in a funeral<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#How_to_dress_for_a_funeral\" >How to dress for a funeral<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#Offering_financial_support\" >Offering financial support<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#Giving_a_wreath\" >Giving a wreath<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#Which_sessions_to_attend\" >Which sessions to attend<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#When_you_are_not_Buddhist_but_have_to_attend_a_Thai_Buddhist_funeral\" >When you are not Buddhist but have to attend a Thai Buddhist funeral<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#Values_and_meanings_behind_the_funeral\" >Values and meanings behind the funeral<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><span ><strong><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-519054 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-3.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-3-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-3-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-3-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-3-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >A funeral is an inevitable ritual of life, a final destination in our earthly journey. Thailand approaches this solemn occasion with its unique customs and traditions. If you have been living in Thailand for a while, you may soon find yourself having to attend a local funeral. It is essential to understand the details and cultural significance of this ceremony. This article will provide you with an overview look on the practice and spiritual meanings of Thai funerals as well as key elements of attending funerals in Thailand<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Background\"><\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span ><strong>Background<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span >Thai funerals, an intricate ceremony that reflects respect for the deceased and provide solace to the living, is a mixture of Animism, Brahmanism-Hinduism, and Buddhism, each contributing unique elements to the funeral practices. Animism provides beliefs about ghosts, spirits, and ancestral worship while Brahmanism-Hinduism offers guidelines for rituals, adding structure to the ceremonies. Buddhism, as the predominant religion in Thailand, introduces the elements of karma, reincarnation, and merit-making. Together, these spiritual influences shape the primary goals of a Thai funeral: to honor the deceased, support their journey to the next life, and provide comfort to the grieving family.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"History\"><\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span ><strong>History <\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span >Since ancient times, Thai people have widely practiced both burial and cremation ceremonies. Burial practices in Thailand date back to prehistoric times, with evidences found in sites such as the at Phimai Historical Park in Nakhon Ratchasima province and Ban Chiang Archaeological Site in Udon Thani province. Many prehistoric cultures in Thailand practiced a type of burial known as secondary burial, whereby the cadaver is buried for a time before the bones are retrieved an interred once again. The culture of cremation, on the other hand, has its roots in Brahmin-Buddhist traditions. Over time, cremation has become more popular due to its convenience and affordability, as well as religious influences.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-519051\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/men-\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e13\u0e18\u0e23-\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e2a-wikipedia.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"534\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/men-\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e13\u0e18\u0e23-\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e2a-wikipedia.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/men-\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e13\u0e18\u0e23-\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e2a-wikipedia-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/men-\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e13\u0e18\u0e23-\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e2a-wikipedia-768x577.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 534px) 100vw, 534px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span >Crematorium of Wat Debsirinthawat<br \/>\n<\/span><span >(cr. \u0e01\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e13\u0e18\u0e23 \u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e2a)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >An indispensable component of the Thai cremation ceremony is the crematorium called <em>\u201cmeru<\/em>\u201d (\u0e40\u0e21\u0e23\u0e38), which represents \u201cMount Meru,\u201d the center of the universe and the gateway to heaven in the Brahmin and Buddhist beliefs. Therefore, Thai Buddhists use crematoriums to send the deceased\u2019s spirit to heaven.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >In the past, royal family members were cremated at a centrally located, elaborate crematorium. Those with moderate status might use a \u201cknock-down crematorium\u201d made of wood, imitating the royal style. Commoners typically used an open-air cremation platform called \u201c<em>choeng takorn<\/em>\u201d (\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e07\u0e15\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e19) decorated with traditional Thai carvings. Today, however, the cremations of royal family members are still carried out in the same way, while ordinary people use permanent crematoriums located in temples.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-519045 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Phra-Men-fine-arts.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"642\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Phra-Men-fine-arts.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Phra-Men-fine-arts-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Phra-Men-fine-arts-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: center;\">Royal Crematorium of H.M. King Bhumibol Adulyadej<br \/>\n(cr. phramerumas.finearts.go.th)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >There is no clear record of when the first cement crematorium was built. As far as we know, the permanent crematorium at Wat Debsirinthawat, approximately 100 years old, is still used for royal cremations. Another one is in Wat Saket, which is said to have been in use since the reign of King Rama III (1824\u201351). By 1957, cement crematoriums began to spread from major temples in Bangkok to smaller temples on the city\u2019s outskirts and important provincial temples, and eventually throughout the country.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >During the reign of King Rama V (1868-1910), Western customs flowed into Thailand in many dimensions, one of which was funerals. Thais began to dress in all black or black and white as a dress code for mourning, and wreaths began to appear at funerals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >Western-style wreaths were introduced to Thailand during the reign of King Rama V (1868-1910). The first recorded use of wreaths in Thailand was in 1904, at the royal crematorium of Chao Chom Manda Piam, the royal wife of King Rama V. Over time, wreaths became associated with funerals in Thailand, symbolizing condolences for the deceased. \u201cWreath\u201d is transliterated to Thai as \u201c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e35\u0e14\u201d pronounced like \u201creed.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-519047\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/wreaths-matichon.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"647\" height=\"431\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/wreaths-matichon.jpg 960w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/wreaths-matichon-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/wreaths-matichon-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 647px) 100vw, 647px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span >Wreaths at the funeral of former Prime Minister Banharn Silpa-archa<br \/>\n<\/span><span >(cr. Matichon)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >Traditionally, fresh flowers were used for wreaths due to their symbolic meaning, with their bloom representing life and their withering signifying decay. However, concerns about waste and pollution have led to the adoption of more practical and reusable items for wreaths, such as fans, blankets, books, and kitchen utensils. These items can be donated to the temple or those in need after the funeral, adding lasting value. This act is also believed to help generate good karma for the deceased.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Activities\"><\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span ><strong>Activities <\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span >Thai funerals involve numerous stages and extend over several days. Let\u2019s delve into the specifics of each phase.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Before_the_funeral\"><\/span><span ><strong>Before the funeral<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span >The Thai funeral ceremony spans several days, but the process begins with reporting the death. Within 24 hours, the registrar\u2019s office or local police must be informed of the death. They will then issue a death certificate. The next step is to contact a temple to schedule the ceremony and arrange transport for the body. During the funeral procession, the children or relatives of the deceased will carry an incense burner and a photo of the deceased, with a monk leading the whole procession with a holy thread to guide the spirit of the deceased to the temple. If the deceased qualifies for royal bathing water, the family will notify the relevant agency to obtain the water.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bathing_and_preparing_the_body\"><\/span><span ><strong>Bathing and preparing the body<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span >The bathing of the corpse is carried out privately by family members using warm water, followed by cold water. This symbolizes that maintaining a mind as pure as coconut water will lead one to the path of nirvana upon death. A coin is placed in the corpse\u2019s mouth as a reminder to the living that upon death, not even a single dime can be taken with them. The nose is then plugged with cotton, and the body is treated with turmeric and perfume. If the deceased is a parent or loved one, a white cloth may be used to wipe their face, palms, and soles, which can be kept as a keepsake. The body is then dressed in the cleanest clothing; military personnel, police officers, and government officials often wear their uniform. Some families may apply postmortem makeup to the deceased. The bathing is to ensure that the deceased commences their journey to the next world in a fresh and clean condition. Nowadays, the morgue can take care of the bathing and dressing process for the family. Once dressed, the body is placed on the bed for the watering ceremony.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Watering_ceremony\"><\/span><span ><strong>Watering ceremony<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-519046\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/rod-nam-ramathibodi-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"608\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/rod-nam-ramathibodi-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/rod-nam-ramathibodi-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/rod-nam-ramathibodi-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/rod-nam-ramathibodi.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span > (cr. Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span >The bed for the watering ceremony is placed to the left of the altar table, with the altar to the north of the corpse\u2019s head. The altar table, also known as \u201c<em>to mu bucha<\/em>\u201d (\u0e42\u0e15\u0e4a\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e39\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e0a\u0e32), is a group of tables on which a Buddha statue is placed for worship. While there is no exact format for a funeral altar table, it typically includes a Buddha statue, an incense burner, candle holders, and decorative flowers. The corpse lies on its back, covered with satin or new cloth, leaving only the face and right hand exposed, with the right hand extended for the watering ceremony. If the corpse is not in a presentable condition, a holy thread is connected from the body to a container for the watering ceremony.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >The host will prepare a container of perfumed water and small bowls for the funeral attendees. The attendees first pay respect to the deceased, then pour the perfumed water on the extended right palm of the body, expressing condolences or asking for forgiveness for any wrongdoings in life that they have committed upon the deceased. This ceremony also reminds the living that all of us will eventually leave this world empty-handed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >In addition, families of the deceased who have rendered significant services to the nation may request royal water for bathing the corpse, a gesture that honors both the deceased and their family. The perfumed water is given to the family by ceremonial and is poured over the deceased at the end of the watering ceremony. High-ranking officials may also receive an honorary performance from the <a href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/culture_heritage\/wong-pi-klong-the-protean-thai-melodies\/\"><em>wong pi chanai klong chana<\/em><\/a> (\u0e27\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e09\u0e19\u0e01\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e30), an oboe and drum band, to accompany the royal water bathing and interring ceremonies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wrapping_and_placing_the_body_in_the_coffin\"><\/span><span ><strong>Wrapping and placing the body in the coffin<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span >After dressing the body, we put bags made of white cloth over the head, hands, and feet. The palms of the hands are pressed together on the chest to hold flowers, incense sticks, and candles. Then, create three nooses with unbleached raw threads: the first one tying around the neck, the second one around the thumbs and wrists, and the third one around the big toes and ankles. This way of wrapping the body is called \u201c<em>mud tra sung<\/em>\u201d (\u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07). Once the nooses are in place, the body is wrapped in a white cloth two more times and tied with a raw thread at five positions along the length of the body.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >These nooses and knots are not without meanings. The five tying positions represent Five Hindrances (\u0e19\u0e34\u0e27\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c 5) \u2013 sensual desires, ill will, sloth and drowsiness, restlessness and anxiety, uncertainty \u2013 that disturb the mind and blind one\u2019s vision of the truth. The three nooses symbolize the three things that bind life to the cycle of <em>\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e31\u0e0f<\/em>. The one at the neck represents children, one at the hands being a spouse, and the one at the ankles being wealth. To attain nirvana, one must shake off these three traps. These symbolisms reflect the teachings of Buddhism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >The body is then placed in the coffin. It is crucial to ensure that the deceased\u2019s head is always oriented westward. In Thai ceremonies, various types of coffins are used, ranging from those for ordinary individuals to urns for those receiving royal decorations and for royalty as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\">1. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Ordinary <\/span><\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\">c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\">offin<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\">s<\/span><\/span> are white rectangular coffins, lined with plastic sheets, and often decorated with Thai patterns such as Thep Phanom motif, angel reliefs, and sugar cane leaf designs. They can also be covered with various colored cloths or lace on the exterior. The coffins can be elevated by adding a base.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-519037\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/normal-coffin.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"471\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/normal-coffin.png 471w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/normal-coffin-300x143.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 471px) 100vw, 471px\" \/> (cr. www.suriyafuneral.com)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\">2. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Chinese-<\/span><\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">s<span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\">tyle <\/span>c<span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\">offins<\/span><\/span> feature delicate Chinese patterns and are popular among Thai-Chinese families who opt for a half-Thai, half-Chinese funeral ceremony. These coffins are designed for burial, not cremation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-519039\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/chinese-coffin.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"503\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/chinese-coffin.png 535w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/chinese-coffin-300x219.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 503px) 100vw, 503px\" \/>(source: www.suriyafuneral.com)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >3. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Air-conditioned coffins (Cold Coffins)<\/span> are often donated to temples to organize funerals of those who lack funds. The air-conditioning helps preserve the corpse during the Abhidhamma prayer and merit-making ceremonies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-519038\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/air-conditioned-coffin.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"494\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/air-conditioned-coffin.png 538w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/air-conditioned-coffin-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 494px) 100vw, 494px\" \/>(source: www.suriyafuneral.com)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >4. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Coffins for <\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">recipients of royal decorations<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span >Recipients of royal decorations and honors either receive special coffins or large crematory urns known as <em>khot<\/em> (\u0e42\u0e01\u0e28), depending on their rank, status, or the contributions they have made when they were alive. For the coffins, the decorated exterior is often placed over the actual coffin housing the body. The exterior is removed before cremation. For <em>khot<\/em>, in the past, the body of the deceased would be placed in the urn in a fetal position. Nowadays, however, the <em>khot<\/em> is displayed in front of the coffin as a ceremonial gesture. The royally-bestowed coffins and urns are ranked as follow:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 &#8211; Coffin with eaves &#8211; <em>heep choeng chai<\/em> (<\/strong><strong>\u0e2b\u0e35\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e22<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-519040\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/heep-choeng-chai.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"478\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/heep-choeng-chai.png 423w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/heep-choeng-chai-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><span >(cr. Welfare Division, Court of Justice of Thailand)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0&#8211; Coffin with <em>kan yaeng<\/em> motif \u2013 <em>heep lai kan yaeng<\/em> (<\/strong><strong>\u0e2b\u0e35\u0e1a\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e41\u0e22\u0e48\u0e07<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-519041\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/heep-lai-kan-yaeng.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"471\" height=\"313\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/heep-lai-kan-yaeng.png 393w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/heep-lai-kan-yaeng-300x199.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 471px) 100vw, 471px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><span >(cr. Welfare Division, Court of Justice of Thailand)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 &#8211; Coffin with gold carvings \u2013 <em>heep thong lai salak<\/em> (<\/strong><strong>\u0e2b\u0e35\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-519042\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/heep-thong-lai-salak.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"449\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/heep-thong-lai-salak.png 399w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/heep-thong-lai-salak-300x202.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><span >(cr. Welfare Division, Court of Justice of Thailand)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 -Plain gold covering coffin \u2013 <em>heep thong theub<\/em> (<\/strong><strong>\u0e2b\u0e35\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-519043\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/heep-thong-theub.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"453\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/heep-thong-theub.png 397w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/heep-thong-theub-300x212.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><span >(cr. Welfare Division, Court of Justice of Thailand)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 &#8211; Jar-shaped urn \u2013 <em>khot tho<\/em> (<\/strong><strong>\u0e42\u0e01\u0e28\u0e42\u0e16<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-519036\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/khot-tho.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"362\" height=\"441\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/khot-tho.png 325w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/khot-tho-246x300.png 246w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><span >(cr. Welfare Division, Court of Justice of Thailand)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 &#8211; Octagonal urn \u2013 <em>khot paed liam<\/em> (<\/strong><strong>\u0e42\u0e01\u0e28\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e21<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-519035\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/khot-paed-liam.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"338\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/khot-paed-liam.png 298w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/khot-paed-liam-225x300.png 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 338px) 100vw, 338px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><span >(cr. Welfare Division, Court of Justice of Thailand)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Praying_before_the_body\"><\/span><span ><strong>Praying before the body<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-519044\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/phra-abhidharma-chanting-lavabun.com_.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"636\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/phra-abhidharma-chanting-lavabun.com_.jpg 800w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/phra-abhidharma-chanting-lavabun.com_-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/phra-abhidharma-chanting-lavabun.com_-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 636px) 100vw, 636px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span >(cr. lavabun.com)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >\u00a0The ceremony of praying before the body or \u201cthe Abhidhamma prayer ceremony\u201d (\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e14\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e20\u0e34\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21) takes place from the first night the coffin is brought into the funeral pavilion. It typically takes place for 1, 3, 5, or 7 days, but can continue for up to 100 days until cremation. Four monks are invited to chant this funeral prayer four times each night.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >\u201cThe Abhidhamma prayer\u201d is a melodic recital of the noble Dhamma and serves three main purposes. Firstly, it aims to dedicate merit and good deeds to the deceased. Given that the Abhidhamma contains profound Buddhist teachings, when chanted at a funeral, it bestows significant merit upon the departed. Secondly, by attending this ceremony, we express gratitude to the deceased. According to Buddhist legend, the Lord Buddha recited the Abhidhamma to his deceased mother in the <em>Tavatimsa Heaven<\/em> (\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e14\u0e32\u0e27\u0e14\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e4c). Thus, delivering the Abhidhamma prayer at a funeral has become a respected tradition. Thirdly, the prayer reminds us that death is inescapable.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >On the night of the Abhidhamma prayer, the host will prepare light meals for funeral attendees each night, a funeral robe or \u201c<em>pha bang sukun<\/em>\u201d (\u0e1c\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e01\u0e38\u0e25), and \u201c<em>khrueang thaiyatham<\/em>\u201d (\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21) which is offerings consisting of essential items, such as sets of monk robes, sachets, towels, and handkerchiefs, to be offered to the four monks who will be chanting the Abhidhamma. The funeral attendees, upon arriving at the funeral pavilion, should pay respect to the Buddhist image and then the corpse. They should light an incense stick and place it in the incense burner, and then proceed to sit in the attendee area.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >To begin the ceremony, the host first lights incense sticks and candles to worship the <em>Triple Gem<\/em> (Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha), and then lights \u201c<em>khrueang thong noi<\/em>\u201d (\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22) which is a small set of offerings, consisting of one candlestick, one incense stick, and three flower cones, for worshiping the Dhamma and honoring the deceased.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >The ceremony will thus begin with the precept request and recitation, or \u201c<em>Aradhana Tisarana Panca Sila<\/em>\u201d (\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e23\u0e32\u0e18\u0e19\u0e32\u0e28\u0e35\u0e25), followed by the four recitations of the Abhidhamma prayer. Once the recitation is over, the host presents <em>khrueang thaiyatham<\/em> to the monks. This is followed by a merit-making ceremony, the funeral robe ceremony, and <em>kruad nam <\/em>ceremony, which is to pour ceremonial water to the ground as a sign of dedication of merit to the departed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >Additionally, there is a distinct type of Abhidhamma recitation known as \u201cRoyal Abhidhamma\u201d chanted with a \u201croyal melody.\u201d The chanters are monks residing in a royal temple or <em>phra aram luang <\/em>(\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e23\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e27\u0e07). Each royal temple has its own unique chanting melody, reserved for the funerals of the royal family or those under royal patronage. The ten royal temples include Wat Phra Chetuphon Wimon Mangkhalaram Rajworamahawihan (Wat Pho), Wat Mahathat Yuwaratrangsarit, Wat Suthat Thep Wararam Ratchaworamahawihan, Wat Bowon Niwet Ratchaworawihan, Wat Saket Ratchaworamahawihan (the Golden Mount Temple), Wat Chakkrawat Rachawat Woramahawihan (Wat Sam Pluem), Wat Prayurawongsawat Worawihan, Wat Ratchasittharam Ratchaworawihan (Wat Plub), Wat Rakhang Khositaram Woramahawihan, and Wat Anongkharam Worawihan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >After the last night of the Abhidhamma prayers, the body is taken to a cemetery, or kept at the pavilion awaiting cremation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cremation\"><\/span><span ><strong>Cremation<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-519048\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cremation-kapook.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"559\" height=\"373\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cremation-kapook.jpg 700w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cremation-kapook-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 559px) 100vw, 559px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span >(cr. Kapook)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span >The cremation ceremony begins with the body being circled three times around the pavilion counter-clockwise, symbolizing the Three Marks of Existence (\u0e44\u0e15\u0e23\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e4c), which are \u201canicca\u201d (impermanence), \u201cdukkha\u201d (suffering), and \u201canatta\u201d (no-self and non-attachment). A monk leads the funeral procession, followed by a person carrying <em>khrueang thong noi<\/em> or an incense burner, a person carrying a photograph of the deceased, and then the family of the deceased.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >To apologize and ask for forgiveness from the deceased, relatives of the deceased may make merit in the honor of the deceased, such as inviting monks (often in the number of the deceased\u2019s age) to recite Buddhist mantras, offering alms and robes, or arranging other ceremonial sessions including Buddhist sermons, and <em>kruad nam<\/em>. Another important ceremony is <em>buad na fai <\/em>(\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e0a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e1f), which means ordination in front of the cremation fire. Traditionally, those who undergo this ceremony are younger male relatives of the deceased. The ordination may begin 1 day or 3 days before the cremation or on the day of the cremation, and will end after the cremation is completed. It is believed that the yellow Buddhist robes worn by the ordained relatives will guide the spirit of the deceased to a better place.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >The body will then be placed on the crematorium platform. The biography of the deceased is read. And for the final viewing before cremation, coconut water is used to cleanse the face of the deceased. It is considered the purest water because of its natural protection within the coconut. After that the host will offer a funeral robe and invite guests to place <\/span><span >sandalwood-scented flowers called <\/span><em >dok mai chan<\/em><span > (\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e4c) and incense sticks on a funeral tray, or under the crematorium bed. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-519049 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dok-mai-chan-Office-of-the-Ombudsman.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dok-mai-chan-Office-of-the-Ombudsman.jpg 500w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dok-mai-chan-Office-of-the-Ombudsman-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><em>Dok mai chan<\/em><br \/>\n(cr. Office of the Ombudsman)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >In addition to the royal water, the families may also request royal burial soil, royal fire, and funeral decorations such as coffins and urns made of valuable and exquisite materials. These accessories may comprise <em>wong pi chanai klong chana<\/em> and a funeral procession. Notably, the cremation should not take place on the King\u2019s birthday, the Queen\u2019s birthday, Her Majesty the Queen Mother&#8217;s birthday, or the Coronation Day, and it is generally avoided on Fridays. Upon receiving the royal funeral accessories, the host may either proceed with the arrangements themselves or seek assistance from the ceremonial officials of the Ministry of Culture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Collecting_and_floating_bones_and_ashes\"><\/span><span ><strong>Collecting and floating bones and ash<\/strong><strong>es<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-519050\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/loy-angkharn-silpawatthanatham-1024x536.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"670\" height=\"351\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/loy-angkharn-silpawatthanatham-1024x536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/loy-angkharn-silpawatthanatham-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/loy-angkharn-silpawatthanatham-768x402.jpg 768w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/loy-angkharn-silpawatthanatham.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 670px) 100vw, 670px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span >(cr. Silpawatthanatham) <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >After the cremation is completed, the host, descendants, and relatives of the deceased can collect the ashes. The host invites monks to pray for the burned remains before collecting the remains in an urn. The burned bones are collected from six parts of the body: skull, two arms, two legs, and chest rib. The remaining bones and ashes will be floated, or \u201c<em>loy angkhan<\/em>\u201d (\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >The \u201c<em>loy angkhan<\/em>\u201d ceremony will ferry the soul to a peaceful world. This custom is thought to be adopted from India, where ashes of the cremated are poured into the Ganges River to wash away sins of the deceased. The Buddhist concept also influences the floating of ashes, stating that the body is composed of earth, water, air, and fire. When a person dies, the body should return to one of these natural elements. Water is chosen for its cool and calm nature, symbolizing peace and tranquility for the deceased\u2019s soul.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >There are four steps in the <em>loy angkhan<\/em> <i><span style=\"font-weight: normal !msorm;\">ceremony<\/span><\/i>. The first step is to <strong>worship the deity of the boat<\/strong> that will take us to the ash floating point. The relatives put the ashes in an earthenware container, or urn, and travel to the dock. The senior relatives enter the boat first, bringing fresh flowers, incense sticks, and candles to worship the deity of the boat or <em>Mae Yanang<\/em> (\u0e41\u0e21\u0e48\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e32\u0e07) at the bow of the boat. The next step is to <strong>pray for the ashes<\/strong>. Upon reaching the floating point, the boat stops, and the urn is opened to arrange the ashes and the offerings. Incense sticks and candles are lit and jasmine flowers, rose petals, and other flowers are sprinkled onto the ashes. Wrap a white cloth around the urn, and tie it with a holy thread, with a flower garland placed on top. The relatives are each given a rose. Before floating the ashes, we <strong>worship the deities of rivers and seas (<\/strong><strong>\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e41\u0e21\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u0e17\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e17\u0e31\u0e19\u0e14\u0e23<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> by lighting one candle and seven incense sticks on a seven-colored flower basket or <em>krathong<\/em> (\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e07). Finally, <strong>the urn and the flower basket are floated away<\/strong>. Everyone on the boat takes a moment to mourn over the deceased. Some coins are dropped into the sea to reserve a space for the deceased according to the tradition, followed by the seven-colored flower <em>krathong<\/em>. After that, gently place the urn on the water surface, with all relatives holding the sacred thread. When the urn reaches the water, rose petals and the remaining offerings are poured onto the sea. The boat then circles to the left three times to complete the ceremony.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Death_anniversary_merit-making_ceremony\"><\/span><span ><strong>Death anniversary merit-making ceremony<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span >The death anniversary merit-making ceremony is traditionally performed at 7, 50, and 100 days after a person\u2019s death. <\/span><span >There are two ways to organize the death anniversary merit-making ceremony: one-day and two-day. For a one-day ceremony, the host invites 5, 7, or 9 monks to recite Buddhist mantras and hosts a breakfast or lunch on the same day. For a two-day ceremony, the host invites the same number of monks to chant Buddhist mantras in the evening and hosts a breakfast or lunch on the next day. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >Afterward, an annual merit-making ceremony is held. This may occur on the anniversary of the deceased\u2019s death or be arranged as a collective merit-making day for all deceased relatives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Participating_in_a_funeral\"><\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span ><strong>Participating in a funeral<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span >Now that we have learned the steps involved in funeral ceremonies, let\u2019s take a look at what we should do when attending one.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_dress_for_a_funeral\"><\/span><span ><strong>How to dress for a funeral<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span >In general, Thais wear white and black. Beyond colors, it is important to consider the style of the outfit, prioritizing politeness, and avoiding short or revealing clothing. If you know you will be helping with the event, wear comfortable clothing. Avoid heavy makeup or lavish accessories.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Offering_financial_support\"><\/span><span ><strong>Offering financial support<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span >You may contribute some money to the merit-making ceremony organized by the host to dedicate the merit to the deceased. You can also help with funeral expenses. It is not compulsory how much you offer, or if you have to offer at all. However, if you can, it is always a kind gesture to support the grieving family. Some hosts may clearly state that they do not accept financial support.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giving_a_wreath\"><\/span><span ><strong>Giving a wreath<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span >There is no rule for when to bring or having a wreath delivered to a funeral. It is best to ask the host when it is convenient for them to receive it. If the host does not specify the time, you may present the wreath in the early evening of the first day of the funeral. The wreath should indicate the giver\u2019s name, whether it is a person, family, or organization, along with a short tribute. Please note that some temples may not accept wreaths. Typically, Thai people do not deliver wreaths themselves; instead, wreath makers offer delivery services according to the specified location, temple, pavilion, and timing for sending the wreaths.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_sessions_to_attend\"><\/span><span ><strong>Which sessions to attend<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span >Thai funerals last over several days. As a guest, you do not need to attend every day. You may choose to attend some of the Abhidhamma prayer days and the day of the cremation. If you personally know the deceased, you may attend the watering ceremony. If you can make time for only one day, it\u2019s preferably to attend the cremation day. However, attending the day of prayers allows more time to talk with the host, as the cremation day will be busier, and the host may not have time to notice or speak with you.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e34\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e08 4 (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Four_Noble_Truths\">Four Noble Truths<\/a>) <em>loy angkhan <\/em>ceremony is a private affair, attended only by family and very close friends. Thai people generally prefer not to attend this ceremony if they are not closely connected to the deceased. As for the merit-making ceremony on the death anniversary, it is up to the deceased\u2019s family to decide whether to invite guests to participate or not.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_you_are_not_Buddhist_but_have_to_attend_a_Thai_Buddhist_funeral\"><\/span><span ><strong>When you are not Buddhist but have to attend a Thai Buddhist funeral<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span >Funerals, regardless of religion, are an opportunity to bid a forever farewell to the deceased and offer support to their family. Once you arrive, greet the host and the family of the deceased. Proceed to stand in front of the coffin and dedicate a moment of silence to pay respect to the deceased. You do not need to light incense sticks or pay respect to the Buddha image. During the prayer, you may sit and listen without doing any hand gestures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Values_and_meanings_behind_the_funeral\"><\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span ><strong>Values and meanings behind <\/strong><strong>the funeral<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span >More than a ritual, a Thai funeral is a profound teaching. Those who have passed away no longer experience the world as the living do. If anything reaches them, it is the merit and loving memories dedicated to them, leading them to a better place, if such a place truly exists.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >For the living, a funeral provides closure and reminds us of life\u2019s fragile and ephemeral nature. It reminds us that life is a series of meetings and partings, and that when our time comes, we too must leave. Understanding this truth helps us to not grieve excessively for the departed but to cherish the life that remains. It encourages us to live mindfully, fully, and with kindness so that we can leave without regrets, knowing we have treated each other with generosity and love.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >For Thai people, making and dedicating merit is a profound way of coping with loss, allowing them to honor the deceased while maintaining a connection through cherished memories and acts of kindness.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >The Buddhist teachings embedded in each step of the ceremony emphasize the impermanence of life, highlighting the cycle of birth, aging, sickness, and death. These rituals serve as poignant reminders to live virtuously, respect the law of karma, and express gratitude for the life and legacy of the departed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >Finally, funerals bring communities and relatives together to support one another and celebrate the good deeds of the deceased. It is also a time when distant relatives, who rarely meet, can reconnect and share their stories and life\u2019s journeys. Let the passing of one be an opportunity to uplift and inspire those who are still here, to honor life\u2019s fleeting beauty, and to find comfort in the bonds we share.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span ><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span >Thai funerals are a deeply rooted tradition that helps Thai people cope with the inevitable reality of death. These ceremonies, encapsulating a poignant blend of sorrow and reverence, are not merely rituals but profound reflections of the kindness and cultural heritage of the Thai people who find solace and strength in coming together to honor the deceased, reaffirming their commitment to goodness, compassion, and spiritual growth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>The story of the \u201cThai Funerals\u201d is another aspect of Thai culture and heritage. Thai funerary practice reflects the history and spiritual beliefs of the Thai people, offering a beautiful way to honor the deceased and providing solace for the living. Join us in exploring more stories of Thailand and the Thai people, as we take you on a journey to discover Thainess.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span ><strong>Sources<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wreathmala.com\/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2\/\">How to organize a Thai funeral, and beliefs about the funeral<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wreathmala.com\/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD\/\">The Abhidhamma Prayer Ceremony <\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.trueplookpanya.com\/dhamma\/content\/64586\">The meaning of the Abhidhamma Prayer Ceremony<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.m-culture.go.th\/phatthalung\/ewt_dl_link.php?nid=3199\">Ceremonial monks<\/a> at the funeral<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wreathmala.com\/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4-%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4\/\">The cremation<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >The coffins<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/wd.coj.go.th\/th\/content\/category\/articles\/id\/53\/cid\/11708\">Coffins for the recipients of royal decorations<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >Coffins for ordinary people<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wreathmala.com\/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A\/\">The ash floating ceremony<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wreathmala.com\/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2-%E0%B8%AD\/\">The death day anniversary merit making <\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nirvana-memorial.co.th\/blog-detail.php?Lang=L1&amp;rid=188\">Corpse binding<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thaipbs.or.th\/news\/content\/319971\">History of funeral wreaths<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YOCmDozsUNE\">Funeral ordination <\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.watnyanaves.net\/th\/book-reading\/571\/2\">Dhamma morals at a funeral <\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sdtc.go.th\/paper\/86\">Symbolisms at a funeral<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >History of Thai crematorium<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ArtandCultureThaiPBS\/photos\/a.317005454976351\/1742629452413937\/?type=3&amp;locale=th_TH\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ArtandCultureThaiPBS\/photos\/a.317005454976351\/1742629452413937\/?type=3&amp;locale=th_TH<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=1742515415758674\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=1742515415758674<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=20rpN6cBxs8\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=20rpN6cBxs8<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.silpa-mag.com\/history\/article_11581\">https:\/\/www.silpa-mag.com\/history\/article_11581<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/wd.coj.go.th\/th\/content\/category\/articles\/id\/53\/cid\/11708\">Requesting royal urns and coffins<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><span >Written by: Soonyata Mianlamai<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span >Edited by: Tayud Mongkolrat <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span >21 August 2024<\/span><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; A funeral is an inevitable ritual of life, a final destination in our earthly journey. Thailand approaches this solemn occasion with its unique customs and traditions. If you have been living in Thailand for a while, you may soon find yourself having to attend a local funeral. It is essential to understand the details [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":519053,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[143,22,74],"tags":[278],"class_list":["post-518971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-culture-and-heritage","category-traditions","tag-articles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Thai Funerals: An Overview Guide - Thailand Foundation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/thai-funeral\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"th_TH\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Thai Funerals: An Overview Guide - Thailand Foundation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; A funeral is an inevitable ritual of life, a final destination in our earthly journey. Thailand approaches this solemn occasion with its unique customs and traditions. If you have been living in Thailand for a while, you may soon find yourself having to attend a local funeral. 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