{"id":514411,"date":"2022-11-10T11:20:01","date_gmt":"2022-11-10T04:20:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/?post_type=culture_heritage&#038;p=514411"},"modified":"2025-05-15T19:08:15","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T12:08:15","slug":"khrueng-sai-the-thai-string-ensemble","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/khrueng-sai-the-thai-string-ensemble\/","title":{"rendered":"Khrueang Sai &#8211; The Thai String Ensemble[:th]Khrueng Sai &#8211; The Thai String Ensemble"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span ><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-514412\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22.\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22.\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22.\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22.\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19-1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><em>Wong khrueang sai<\/em> (\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22) or the Thai string ensemble is a Thai classical music ensemble with a very narrow yet unique melodic range, it mainly consists of string, plucked along with woodwind instruments accompanied by wooden percussions. These instruments produce a kind of soft, slow sustained sound, perfect for creating a joyful atmosphere.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><em>Wong khrueang sai<\/em> is usually performed in festive occasion and auspicious indoor ceremonies such as weddings and housewarming parties.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>History<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span >The origin of <em>wong khrueang sai<\/em> is still unknown but some resources said that it could be dated back to the early Ayutthaya period (1350-1448) since string instruments were already mentioned in Thai legal document by then. However, according to the historian Prince Damrong Rajanubhab, major Thai string instruments were performed solo rather than in an ensemble. It was not until the reign of King Rama IV reign (1851-1868) where the forming of the ensemble began. Influenced by Chinese string ensemble, people began mixing major Thai string instruments, such as <em>saw u<\/em> (\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e39\u0e49) &#8211; Thai alto fiddles and <em>saw duang <\/em>(\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e07) &#8211; Thai soprano fiddle, into an organized ensemble. Later, during the reign of King Rama VI (1910-1925) more instruments such as <em>khim <\/em><em>(\u0e02\u0e34\u0e21) <\/em>or hammered dulcimer, violins, and wooden organ were added to the band, forming a new kind of string ensemble called <em>wong khrueang sai phasom <\/em>or the combined string ensemble.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-514413\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/maxresdefault-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/maxresdefault-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/maxresdefault-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/maxresdefault-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/maxresdefault.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span >(Photo Credit: <a class=\"yt-simple-endpoint style-scope yt-formatted-string\" dir=\"auto\" spellcheck=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/xxa1990\">Saisaw)<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>Types of <em>Wong khrueang sai<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span >The \u00a0categories of <em>wong khrueang sai<\/em> is performed in different manners on different occasions depending on the instruments\u2019 types, sound, and the atmosphere they create.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span ><strong><em>1. Wong khrueang sai<\/em><\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22<\/strong><strong>) \u2013 <\/strong><strong>c<\/strong><strong>lassical Thai string ensemble<\/strong> is usually performed in indoor auspicious events, some called it \u201cchamber ensemble\u201d. They can be subcategorized into the small Thai string ensemble and the Thai double string ensemble.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span ><strong><em>Wong khrueang sai diew<\/em><\/strong> <strong>(<\/strong><strong>\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27)<\/strong><strong>&#8211; <\/strong><strong>small string ensemble <\/strong>consists of one string instrument and one woodwind instrument. The instruments are<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span >one <em>chake<\/em> (\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49) or Thai zither<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>saw u<\/em> (\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e39\u0e49) or Thai alto fiddle<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>saw duang<\/em> (\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e07) or Thai soprano fiddle<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>khlui phiang aw<\/em> (\u0e02\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d) or Thai flute<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one set of <em>thone and ramana<\/em> (\u0e42\u0e17\u0e19 \u0e23\u0e33\u0e21\u0e30\u0e19\u0e32) or a Thai hand and barrel drums<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one pair of <em>ching<\/em> (\u0e09\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07) or bronze cymbal castanets<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one pair of <em>charb <\/em>(\u0e09\u0e32\u0e1a) or cymbals<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one pair of <em>krab <\/em>(\u0e01\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a) or wooden rhythm clappers<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>mhong<\/em> (\u0e42\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48\u0e07) or gong<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/q6v8pjXm93M\" width=\"560\" height=\"314\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span ><strong><em>Wong khrueang sai khoo<\/em><\/strong><strong> (\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48) <\/strong><strong>&#8211; <\/strong><strong>double string ensemble <\/strong>consists of the small Thai string ensemble but with double amount the string instruments, as well as the addition of <em>klui-leep<\/em> (\u0e02\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e1a) or Thai soprano flute. The instruments are:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span >two <em>chake<\/em> (\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49) or Thai zithers<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >two <em>sor-ou<\/em> (\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e39\u0e49) or Thai alto fiddles<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >two <em>sor-duang<\/em> (\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e07) or Thai Soprano fiddles<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>khlui phiang oaw <\/em>(\u0e02\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d) or Thai flute<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>khlui leep<\/em> (\u0e02\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e1a) or Thai soprano flute<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one set of <em>thone and ramana<\/em> (\u0e42\u0e17\u0e19 \u0e23\u0e33\u0e21\u0e30\u0e19\u0e32) or a Thai hand drum<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one pair of <em>ching <\/em>(\u0e09\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07) or bronze cymbal castanets<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one pair of <em>charb<\/em> (\u0e09\u0e32\u0e1a) or cymbals<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one pair of <em>krab<\/em> (\u0e01\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a) or wooden rhythm clappers and one <em>mhong<\/em> or <em>kong<\/em>)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jYjL1kI7aVU\" width=\"560\" height=\"314\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span ><strong><em>2. Wong khrueang sai phasom<\/em><\/strong><strong><em> (\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1c\u0e2a\u0e21)<\/em><\/strong> <strong>&#8211; combined string ensemble<\/strong> mainly consists of Thai string instruments with the addition of contemporary or other local instruments such as <em>khim <\/em>(\u0e02\u0e34\u0e21) or hammered dulcimer, violins, wooden organ, piano, <em>ranad <\/em>(\u0e23\u0e30\u0e19\u0e32\u0e14) or wooden xylophone,<em> khaen<\/em>\u00a0(\u0e41\u0e04\u0e19) or reed mouth organ, accordion, <em>saw sam sai<\/em> (\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22) or three-stringed fiddle The criteria for combining instruments depends on the synchronized harmony they produce when performing along with the original string ensemble.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span ><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9Y0dqzgcj5k\" width=\"560\" height=\"314\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Wong khrueang sai phasom khim\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OTmiIC0ISDg\" width=\"560\" height=\"314\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Wong khrueang sai phasom<\/em> piano and <em>saw sam sai<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span ><strong><em>3. Wong khrueang sai pi-java (<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e27\u0e32) &#8211; <\/em><\/strong><strong>small string ensemble with Javanese oboe <\/strong>&#8211; primarily consists of the fundamental string ensemble\u2019s instruments. The <em>khlui-phieng-or <\/em>(\u0e02\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d) or Thai flute is, however, replaced with <em>pi java<\/em> (\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e27\u0e32) or Javanese oboe, while the <em>thone<\/em> \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 <em>rammana<\/em> (\u0e42\u0e17\u0e19 \u0e23\u0e33\u0e21\u0e30\u0e19\u0e32) is replaced with <em>klong-khaek <\/em>(\u0e01\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e02\u0e01) or double-headed barrel drums. The <em>Pi-Java<\/em> String Ensemble is further categorized into <em>wong khrueang sai pi-java<\/em> <em>lek<\/em> and the <em>wong khrueang sai pi-java yai<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/27Wp6chcOus\" width=\"560\" height=\"314\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span ><strong><em>Wong khrueang sai pi java wong lek <\/em><\/strong><strong>(\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e27\u0e32\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e25\u0e47\u0e01) &#8211; <\/strong><strong>small string ensemble with Javanese oboe<\/strong>. They consists of<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span >one <em>pi Java<\/em> (\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e27\u0e32) or Java clarinet<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>khlui-lhip<\/em> (\u0e02\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e1a) or Thai flute<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>saw u<\/em> (\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e39\u0e49) or Thai alto fiddle<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>saw duang <\/em>(\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e07) or Thai soprano fiddle<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>chake<\/em> (\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49) or Thai zither<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><em>klong khaek<\/em> (\u0e01\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e02\u0e01) or double-headed barrel drums<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one pair of <em>ching<\/em> (\u0e09\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07) or bronze cymbals castanets.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>krub<\/em> (\u0e01\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a) or wooden rhythm clappers (optional)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>mhong<\/em> (\u0e42\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48\u0e07)\/ <em>kong<\/em> (\u0e06\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07) or gong (optional)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span ><strong><em>Wong khrueang sai pi-java wong yai<\/em> (<\/strong><strong>\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e27\u0e32\u0e27\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e0d\u0e48) &#8211; <\/strong><strong>Big <em>Pi-Java<\/em> Ensemble<\/strong> consists of the same instruments as the small <em>Pi-Java<\/em> Ensemble; however, the <em>saw u <\/em>(\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e39\u0e49),<em> saw duang<\/em> (\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e07), and <em>chakh<\/em>e (\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49) are doubled.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong><em>W<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>ai Khru<\/em><\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>\u0e44\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e49\u0e04\u0e23\u0e39<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong>: Paying Homage to Teachers<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span >For every branch of Thai art<em>,<\/em> the ceremony of paying homage and respect to teachers, also known as the <em>wai khru<\/em> is widely practiced<em>. <\/em>Teachers, in traditional Thai beliefs, consist not only of living instructors, but also deceased masters, spirits, and even gods. The purpose of the <em>wai khru<\/em> ceremony is to establish a bond between teachers and students. Students demonstrate respect toward the teachers and honor the skills that have been passed down to them. Teachers, in return, bless and look after the students, guiding them down a righteous path.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span ><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-514639\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/320px-011_Divine_Musician_9198463995.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/320px-011_Divine_Musician_9198463995.jpg 320w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/320px-011_Divine_Musician_9198463995-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Pancasikha, the god of string instruments<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >Phra Panjasingkhorn or Pancasikha (\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e07\u0e02\u0e23) is a celestial musician found in Buddhist lore who is said to be exceptionally adept in playing the lute. He worshipped as the deity of string instruments and has long been recognized as one of the three main deities of music. Musicians who play <em>saw<\/em> or Thai fiddles and other string instruments always pay homage to him before \u00a0performance. Thus, Phra Panjasingkhorn is often worshipped as the patron deity of<em> wong khrueang sai. <\/em>His presence is often invoked during <em>wai khru<\/em> ceremony performed by <em>wong khrueang sai<\/em> musicians.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span >\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>Conlusion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span ><em>Wong khrueang sai <\/em>reflects the values and characteristics of the Thai people. First, it showcases that Thai musicians possess great artistic abilities. Playing in the band is not an easy task. Musicians must train for years to master each instrument. They must also be adept in conveying emotions through sound and understanding how the tunes of each instrument match together to create a collective euphony.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >Second, the composition of <em>wong khrueang sai<\/em> reflects Thailand longstanding tradition of embracing other cultures. Rather than going the conservative route, <em>wong khrueang sai<\/em> has always been open to adopting new instruments and style into its composition, whether it be the Western piano or the Javanese-influenced <em>pi java<\/em>. With this openness, Thai musicians are able to explore new ways to create art.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >Lastly, the rite of paying homage to teachers reflects the value of respect that is engrained in Thai culture. Thai musicians recognizes that their success in built upon the works of their predecessors. Respect, as demonstrated through the <em>wai khru <\/em>ceremony, creates a mutual relationship between masters and disciples. This allows for Thai musicians to further their art and skills into refreshing territories without succumbing to vanity and ungratefulness for those who came before them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>The story of \u201c<\/strong><strong><em>wong khrueang sai<\/em><\/strong><strong>\u201d is a classic facet of Thai culture and heritage. We saw how the essence of Thainess is represented through artistic finesse, respect, and openness. Join us in exploring more stories of Thailand and the Thai people, as we take you on a journey to discover Thainess.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>Sources<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3LJK7sF\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3LJK7sF<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stou.ac.th\/study\/sumrit\/2-59(500)\/page5-2-59(500).html\">https:\/\/www.stou.ac.th\/study\/sumrit\/2-59(500)\/page5-2-59(500).html<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/kheruxngdntrithai\/prapheth-wng-dntri-thiy\/wng-kheruxng-say\">https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/kheruxngdntrithai\/prapheth-wng-dntri-thiy\/wng-kheruxng-say<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span >_________________________________________________________________________________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>Written by: Atikan Kulsakdinan<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Edited by: Tayud Mongkolrat<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>10 November 2022<\/strong><\/span><span ><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-514412\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22.\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22.\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22.\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22.\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19-1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><em>Wong khrueng sai<\/em> (\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22) or the Thai string ensemble is a Thai classical music ensemble with a very narrow yet unique melodic range, it mainly consists of string, plucked along with woodwind instruments accompanied by wooden percussions. These instruments produce a kind of soft, slow sustained sound, perfect for creating a joyful atmosphere.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><em>Wong khrueng sai<\/em> is usually performed in festive occasion and auspicious indoor ceremonies such as weddings and housewarming parties.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>History<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span >The origin of <em>wong khrueng sai<\/em> is still unknown but some resources said that it could be dated back to the early Ayutthaya period (1350-1448) since string instruments were already mentioned in Thai legal document by then. However, according to the historian Prince Damrong Rajanubhab, major Thai string instruments were performed solo rather than in an ensemble. It was not until the reign of King Rama IV reign (1851-1868) where the forming of the ensemble began. Influenced by Chinese string ensemble, people began mixing major Thai string instruments, such as <em>saw u<\/em> (\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e39\u0e49) &#8211; Thai alto fiddles and <em>saw duang <\/em>(\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e07) &#8211; Thai soprano fiddle, into an organized ensemble. Later, during the reign of King Rama VI (1910-1925) more instruments such as <em>khim <\/em><em>(\u0e02\u0e34\u0e21) <\/em>or hammered dulcimer, violins, and wooden organ were added to the band, forming a new kind of string ensemble called <em>wong khrueng sai phasom <\/em>or the combined string ensemble.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-514413\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/maxresdefault-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/maxresdefault-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/maxresdefault-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/maxresdefault-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/maxresdefault.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span >(Photo Credit: <a class=\"yt-simple-endpoint style-scope yt-formatted-string\" dir=\"auto\" spellcheck=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/xxa1990\">Saisaw)<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>Types of <em>Wong khrueng sai<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span >The \u00a0categories of <em>wong khruneg sai<\/em> is performed in different manners on different occasions depending on the instruments\u2019 types, sound, and the atmosphere they create.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span ><strong><em>Wong khrueng sai<\/em><\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22<\/strong><strong>) \u2013 <\/strong><strong>c<\/strong><strong>lassical Thai string ensembl<\/strong>e is usually performed in indoor auspicious events, some called it \u201cchamber ensemble\u201d. They can be subcategorized into the small Thai string ensemble and the Thai double string ensemble.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span ><strong><em>Wong khrueng sai diew<\/em><\/strong> <strong>(<\/strong><strong>\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27)<\/strong><strong>&#8211; <\/strong><strong>small string ensemble <\/strong>consists of one string instrument and one woodwind instrument. The instruments are<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span >one <em>chake<\/em> (\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49) or Thai zither<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>saw u<\/em> (\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e39\u0e49) or Thai alto fiddle<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>saw duang<\/em> (\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e07) or Thai soprano fiddle<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>khlui phiang aw<\/em> (\u0e02\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d) or Thai flute<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one set of <em>thone and ramana<\/em> (\u0e42\u0e17\u0e19 \u0e23\u0e33\u0e21\u0e30\u0e19\u0e32) or a Thai hand and barrel drums<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one pair of <em>ching<\/em> (\u0e09\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07) or bronze cymbal castanets<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one pair of <em>charb <\/em>(\u0e09\u0e32\u0e1a) or cymbals<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one pair of <em>krab <\/em>(\u0e01\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a) or wooden rhythm clappers<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>mhong<\/em> (\u0e42\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48\u0e07) or gong<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-514415\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/43796576_1872961042821118_2259689187571662848_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/43796576_1872961042821118_2259689187571662848_n.jpg 575w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/43796576_1872961042821118_2259689187571662848_n-300x278.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span >(Photo Credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/commerce\/products\/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94-%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7\/1999366506793326?paipv=0&amp;eav=AfZ5q-q4Ino3Mtow086Q_KVCBo18AOi7X98MBMxchIyjhPDtYFNl3mdoUf0KG1zBB_k\">\u0e04\u0e23\u0e39\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e14\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span ><strong><em>Wong khrueng sai koo<\/em><\/strong><strong> (\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48) <\/strong><strong>&#8211; <\/strong><strong>double string ensemble <\/strong>consists of the small Thai string ensemble but with double amount the string instruments, as well as the addition of klui-lhip (\u0e02\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e1a) or Thai soprano flute. The instruments are:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span >two <em>chake<\/em> (\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49) or Thai zithers<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >two <em>sor-ou<\/em> (\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e39\u0e49) or Thai alto fiddles<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >two <em>sor-duang<\/em> (\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e07) or Thai Soprano fiddles<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>khlui phiang oaw <\/em>(\u0e02\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d) or Thai flute<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>khlui lhip<\/em> (\u0e02\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e1a) or Thai soprano flute<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one set of <em>thone and ramana<\/em> (\u0e42\u0e17\u0e19 \u0e23\u0e33\u0e21\u0e30\u0e19\u0e32) or a Thai hand drum<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one pair of <em>ching <\/em>(\u0e09\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07) or bronze cymbal castanets<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one pair of <em>charb<\/em> (\u0e09\u0e32\u0e1a) or cymbals<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one pair of <em>krab<\/em> (\u0e01\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a) or wooden rhythm clappers and one <em>mhong<\/em> or <em>kong<\/em>)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-514419\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/11.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/11.jpg 500w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/11-300x180.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span >(Photo Credit: \u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e22 \u0e2a\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e30\u0e27\u0e07\u0e29\u0e4c)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><span ><strong><em>Wong krueng sai phasom<\/em><\/strong><strong><em> (\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1c\u0e2a\u0e21)<\/em><\/strong> <strong>&#8211; combined string ensemble<\/strong> mainly consists of Thai string instruments with the addition of contemporary or other local instruments such as <em>khim <\/em>(\u0e02\u0e34\u0e21) or hammered dulcimer, violins, wooden organ, piano, <em>ranad <\/em>(\u0e23\u0e30\u0e19\u0e32\u0e14) or wooden xylophone,<em> kan<\/em> (\u0e41\u0e04\u0e19) or reed mouth organ, accordion, <em>saw sam sai<\/em> (\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22) or three-stringed fiddle The criteria for combining instruments depends on the synchronized harmony they produce when performing along with the original string ensemble.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-514416\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1c\u0e2a\u0e21.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1c\u0e2a\u0e21.jpg 581w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1c\u0e2a\u0e21-300x148.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span >(Photo Credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/a\/samakkhi.ac.th\/kheruxng-dntri-thiy-3-2\/wng-kheruxng-say\/3-wng-kheruxng-say-phsm\">\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1c\u0e2a\u0e21<\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><span ><strong><em>Wong khrueng sai pi-java (<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e27\u0e32) &#8211; <\/em><\/strong><strong>small string ensemble with Javanese oboe <\/strong>&#8211; primarily consists of the fundamental string ensemble\u2019s instruments. The <em>khlui-phieng-or <\/em>(\u0e02\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d) or Thai flute is, however, replaced with <em>pi java<\/em> (\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e27\u0e32) or Javanese oboe, while the <em>thone<\/em> \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 <em>rammana<\/em> (\u0e42\u0e17\u0e19 \u0e23\u0e33\u0e21\u0e30\u0e19\u0e32) is replaced with <em>klong-khaek <\/em>(\u0e01\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e02\u0e01) or double-headed barrel drums. The <em>Pi-Java<\/em> String Ensemble is further categorized into <em>wong khrueng sai pi-java<\/em> <em>lek<\/em> and the <em>wong khrueng sai pi-java yai<\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span ><strong><em>Wong kroeung sai pi java wong lek <\/em><\/strong><strong>(\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e27\u0e32\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e25\u0e47\u0e01) &#8211; <\/strong><strong>small string ensemble with Javanese oboe<\/strong>. They consists of<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span >one <em>pi Java<\/em> (\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e27\u0e32) or Java clarinet<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>khlui-lhip<\/em> (\u0e02\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e1a) or Thai flute<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>saw u<\/em> (\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e39\u0e49) or Thai alto fiddle<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>saw duang <\/em>(\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e07) or Thai soprano fiddle<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>chake<\/em> (\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49) or Thai zither<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><em>klong khaek<\/em> (\u0e01\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e02\u0e01) or double-headed barrel drums<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one pair of <em>ching<\/em> (\u0e09\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07) or bronze cymbals castanets.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>krub<\/em> (\u0e01\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a) or wooden rhythm clappers (optional)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span >one <em>mhong<\/em> (\u0e42\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48\u0e07)\/ <em>kong<\/em> (\u0e06\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07) or gong (optional)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-514417\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u0e0a\u0e27\u0e32\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u0e0a\u0e27\u0e32\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27.jpg 500w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/\u0e0a\u0e27\u0e32\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27-300x180.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span >(Photo Credit: \u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e22 \u0e2a\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e30\u0e27\u0e07\u0e29\u0e4c)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span ><strong>Wong khrueng sai pi-java wong yai (<\/strong><strong>\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e27\u0e32\u0e27\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e0d\u0e48) &#8211; <\/strong><strong>Big <em>Pi-Java<\/em> Ensemble<\/strong> consists of the same instruments as the small <em>Pi-Java<\/em> Ensemble; however, the <em>saw u <\/em>(\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e39\u0e49),<em> saw duang<\/em> (\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e07), and <em>chakh<\/em>e (\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49) are doubled.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span ><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-514418\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/44.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/44.jpg 500w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/44-300x180.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span >(Photo Credit: \u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e22 \u0e2a\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e30\u0e27\u0e07\u0e29\u0e4c)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong><em>W<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>ai Khru<\/em><\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>\u0e44\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e49\u0e04\u0e23\u0e39<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong>: Paying Homage to Teachers<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span >For every branch of Thai art<em>,<\/em> the ceremony of paying homage and respect to teachers, also known as the <em>wai khru<\/em> is widely practiced<em>. <\/em>Teachers, in traditional Thai beliefs, consist not only of living instructors, but also deceased masters, spirits, and even gods. The purpose of the <em>wai khru<\/em> ceremony is to establish a bond between teachers and students. Students demonstrate respect toward the teachers and honor the skills that have been passed down to them. Teachers, in return, bless and look after the students, guiding them down a righteous path.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span ><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span >Phra Panjasingkhorn or Pancasikha (\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e07\u0e02\u0e23) is a celestial musician found in Buddhist lore who is said to be exceptionally adept in playing the lute. He worshipped as the deity of string instruments and has long been recognized as one of the three main deities of music. Musicians who play <em>saw<\/em> or Thai fiddles and other string instruments always pay homage to him before \u00a0performance. Thus, Phra Panjasingkhorn is often worshipped as the patron deity of<em> wong khrueng sai. <\/em>His presence is often invoked during <em>wai khru<\/em> ceremony performed by <em>wong khrueng sai<\/em> musicians.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span >\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-514420\" src=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/5.1-2-59500.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/5.1-2-59500.jpg 766w, https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/5.1-2-59500-300x233.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span >(Photo Credit: \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c \u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>Conlusion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span ><em>Wong khrueng sai <\/em>reflects the values and characteristics of the Thai people. First, it showcases that Thai musicians possess great artistic abilities. Playing in the band is not an easy task. Musicians must train for years to master each instrument. They must also be adept in conveying emotions through sound and understanding how the tunes of each instrument match together to create a collective euphony.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >Second, the composition of <em>wong khrueng sai<\/em> reflects Thailand longstanding tradition of embracing other cultures. Rather than going the conservative route, <em>wong khrueng sai<\/em> has always been open to adopting new instruments and style into its composition, whether it be the Western piano or the Javanese-influenced <em>pi java<\/em>. With this openness, Thai musicians are able to explore new ways to create art.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span >Lastly, the rite of paying homage to teachers reflects the value of respect that is engrained in Thai culture. Thai musicians recognizes that their success in built upon the works of their predecessors. Respect, as demonstrated through the <em>wai khru <\/em>ceremony, creates a mutual relationship between masters and disciples. This allows for Thai musicians to further their art and skills into refreshing territories without succumbing to vanity and ungratefulness for those who came before them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>The story of \u201c<\/strong><strong><em>wong khrueng sai<\/em><\/strong><strong>\u201d is a classic facet of Thai culture and heritage. We saw how the essence of Thainess is represented through artistic finesse, respect, and openness. Join us in exploring more stories of Thailand and the Thai people, as we take you on a journey to discover Thainess.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>Sources<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3LJK7sF\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3LJK7sF<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stou.ac.th\/study\/sumrit\/2-59(500)\/page5-2-59(500).html\">https:\/\/www.stou.ac.th\/study\/sumrit\/2-59(500)\/page5-2-59(500).html<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span ><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/kheruxngdntrithai\/prapheth-wng-dntri-thiy\/wng-kheruxng-say\">https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/kheruxngdntrithai\/prapheth-wng-dntri-thiy\/wng-kheruxng-say<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span >_________________________________________________________________________________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>Written by: Atikan Kulsakdinan<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span ><strong>10 November 2022<\/strong><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Wong khrueang sai (\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22) or the Thai string ensemble is a Thai classical music ensemble with a very narrow yet unique melodic range, it mainly consists of string, plucked along with woodwind instruments accompanied by wooden percussions. These instruments produce a kind of soft, slow sustained sound, perfect for creating a joyful atmosphere. &nbsp; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":514421,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,60,4],"tags":[278],"class_list":["post-514411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-and-heritage","category-music","category-music-and-dramatic-arts","tag-articles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Khrueang Sai - The Thai String Ensemble[:th]Khrueng Sai - The Thai String Ensemble - Thailand Foundation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thailandfoundation.or.th\/th\/khrueng-sai-the-thai-string-ensemble\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"th_TH\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Khrueang Sai - The Thai String Ensemble[:th]Khrueng Sai - The Thai String Ensemble - Thailand Foundation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; Wong khrueang sai (\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22) or the Thai string ensemble is a Thai classical music ensemble with a very narrow yet unique melodic range, it mainly consists of string, plucked along with woodwind instruments accompanied by wooden percussions. 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